What is the difference between heartwood and sapwood?

The difference between heartwood and sapwood lies in their position, function, and properties within a tree. Here are the key differences:

Heartwood

1. Position:

   • Heartwood is located in the central part of the tree trunk.

2. Properties:

   • The wood is usually darker in color due to the presence of extractive substances that fill the cells.
   • It is harder, stronger, and more durable than sapwood.
   • Heartwood is more resistant to biological decay from fungi and insects.
   • It contains less moisture than sapwood.

3. Function:

   • Heartwood primarily serves a structural function. It provides strength and support to the tree.
   • It no longer plays an active role in the transport of water and nutrients.

Sapwood

1. Position:

   • Sapwood is located on the outer part of the tree trunk, just beneath the bark.

2. Properties:

   • The wood is lighter in color because it contains fewer extractive substances.
   • Sapwood is softer, less strong, and less durable than heartwood.
   • It is more susceptible to biological decay from fungi and insects.
   • It contains more moisture than heartwood.

3. Function:

   • Sapwood plays an active role in the transport of water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves.
   • It plays a vital role in the metabolism of the tree.

Visualization of the Differences

Conclusion

Heartwood and sapwood serve different roles within a tree. Heartwood provides structural support and is more durable, while sapwood is involved in the transport of essential nutrients and water. These differences often make heartwood more suitable for applications where durability and strength are important, while sapwood is less suitable for prolonged exposure to elements and biological threats.